Found In Ceylon

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Steamrolling Towards Vacation

As a student, vacation could not come quickly enough. As a teacher, I want to say, “Wait a minute! I need a few more days here!”

Disclaimer: This is going to be another “telling” blog. I originally planned on writing only “showing” blogs (this is something I learned from Mrs. Zides’ AP English 12 class when we were writing our college essays. She’d admonish us to “show, don’t tell!” which basically means write a story using immersive and descriptive language instead of just telling it…or something like that). But the downside of “showing” writing is that you have to take much more time to compose it–at least, for me–and, I don’t know, it provokes a lot of self-criticism when I can’t find the right adverb or that phrase doesn’t sound eloquent enough. So, for now, we’re on “telling” mode together, people.

School ends December 8th. You know that old joke, “What’s a teacher’s three favorite words? June, July, August.” Except here it’s April, August, and December.

In Sri Lanka, vacations are scheduled differently. Instead of bunching the summer months together into a super-vacation, school is out for three one-month periods (Apr, Aug, Dec). I can see that this system has its plus–you spread vacation over more of the year which probably works better for families who may need their strong, energetic children around to repair the house, pull up weeds, or whatever.

Still, from an education perspective, it’s like chopping up brains into bits. Students learn all they can in three months, then they get one month off to forget it all. It must be discouraging for the teachers, but I musn’t jump to conclusions and assume this is actually the case. Besides, the teachers probaby love it.

But back to my present situation. School ends in a bit less than four weeks, but everything’s already going to hell. The Grade 10 and 11 classes are taking their year-end exams all this week. This apparently has the effect of making most of the teachers for Grade 6-11 (who rotate among themselves teaching their subject(s) to different grades) take this week off. Because, well, if two grades are out of commission, why bother teaching the other four, too? Yeah, it’s a real no-brainer.

The next two weeks aren’t too encouraging, either. Grade 6-7 have their exams next week, and 8-9 the week after that.

So I find myself with up to four–sometimes, six–teacherless classes at any point, and the bell schedule is practically defenestrated, so nothing makes sense anymore. It’s so fascinating to see how lax Sri Lanka’s school attendance policies are. Back home, all hell breaks loose if a school is unexpectedly closed for half a day; some districts would require the school to make up for it by tacking on an additional day of school at the end of the academic year.

I lament this loss of order (if what existed before Monday could be considered order) because I was really getting into the groove. Anne’s teaching techniques are truly lighting the kids’ imaginations on fire; and almost all the classes are now writing sentences. I have to remind some of them, however, to not just string words together and hope that I say that it’s proper English. I tell them to think of what they want to express first, then write it down.

A good example: Iresha wrote down, “cat is milk.” I asked her to sign the sentence to me. She signed it exact English: “CAT IS MILK.” I told her, “No, forget the English sentence. What are you trying to say?” She hesitantly signed, “CAT MILK.” I asked her if I came up to her tomorrow morning and signed, “CAT MILK!,” would that make sense? “No,” she said. “So write a new sentence and first, think of what you want to say before you write it down.”

It is a challenge teaching English sentence construction in Sinhala Sign Language; I’ve had to invent new signs for “nouns” and “verbs,” and really, how the heck do you explain what “is” is? I say it’s a verb that you put in when you don’t really have another verb to use. That seems to work for them.

To further enliven this trilingual environment in which I’m teaching, I’ve let the students teach me how to write Sinhala. I am really lucky here because the consonants in the Sinhalese fingerspelt alphabet are almost identical to the ASL alphabet. I can write more than twenty-five Sinhala words, and I can also write (with fair accuracy) any student’s name in Sinhala, too. It is really, really fun. The great thing about learning Sinhala words via fingerspelling is that, because it’s completely phonetic, I know how to say it right away.

This leads to a greater fluency in Sinhala Sign Language because now I can use the proper lip shapes to go with the signs. It can actually be more difficult to understand sign language if the signer’s lips are shut; despite linguists’ railings against ASL being thought as a signed mode of English, the lip-shape of English words used in conjunction with signs does make a large difference in making ASL more intelligible.

The same is true for Sinhala Sign Language; I feel that I am better understood, for example, when I mouth “pol” instead of “coconut” when I sign “coconut.” I find my Sinhala education to be quite agreeable, and I love that it’s a more balanced exchange of knowledge between myself and my students. It is unbelievable that I am able to fingerspell in Sinhala to my students despite learning the language only two weeks ago, but that many of the hostel/custodial staff who have worked at the deaf school for years still do not know how to fingerspell in their own language.

Once again, I can’t rush to judgement on that issue; have they been given the opportunity to learn? I’ll ask the children tomorrow if they’ve tried to teach their matrons the Sinhala fingerspelt alphabet.

In any case, the next few weeks look rocky in terms of teaching my planned curriculum. Actually, that’s a lie; I don’t even plan the night before what I’m going to teach. But, believe me, I do have some sense of direction of where I’m heading, however vague that may be. How much longer can I keep teaching new stuff before it becomes pointless fighting against the dreaded vacationentritis; in other words, when should I stop teaching and go into year-end review mode?

Perhaps I also need to just let go and enjoy the slower pace of schooling in Sri Lanka instead of trying to cling to bureaucratic, Western educational standards. After all, even the provincial government delivered today’s exam papers thirty minutes late to our school. Whoever heard of delivering state-level exams on the same day as the exam itself?

Jenny, another volunteer here in Matara, has wonderfully written up her perspective of Rohana Special School. I think it’s especially enlightening as it’s from a hearing person’s point of view.

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A Personal Revolution in Teaching

In our first training session, Anne imparted to me her personal mantra: “every teacher of the deaf is a teacher of language.” In just a few days, my teaching style would undergo a metamorphosis guided by Anne, who draws from her 35 years of experience in teaching deaf children in England.

Five weeks ago, I declared that I had learned all there was to know about English education for the deaf in Sri Lanka. In many ways, that statement still stands true.

However, as time passed, what grew more salient to me was not the condition of Sri Lankan education itself, but how to actually teach conversational English language skills.

After weeks of teaching, I was getting myself into a rut. Half my classes had learned new vocabulary words: animals, foods, numbers, sports, and feelings (most of which they had learned previously from Sophie but forgotten!). I purchased beautiful, full-color posters of different word categories like body parts, animals, and numbers to reinforce their expanding vocabularies.

The other half–my Grade 10 and 11 classes–were working on pronoun declensions (I, you, we, they), covering both the subject and direct-object cases (they vs. them). I was encouraging them to write simple subject-verb-object sentences using names, personal nouns, and pronouns, with fair success.

Still, I was feeling somewhat discouraged. Sure, my pupils could name a lot of things around them, but when were they going to pick up the ability to write a short letter, e-mail, or text message? More importantly, how could I teach them this–the spontaneous use of English?

Sri Lanka, in a different age marked by spice routes and caliphates, was known as Serendib. This Arabic word is the root of our modern English word, “serendipity.” While its name has changed, Sri Lanka is still rife with serendipitous stories of happy, fluke accidents, and I’m happy that one of these tales involves me and teaching.

Anne couldn’t have come at a more perfect time. I was ready for new teaching techniques, and there is just four weeks left in the school year. But let’s stop talking about me for a bit.

There will come a time when I leave Sri Lanka, so it’s far more important to train the employed teachers at Rohana, because they will stay much longer and exert far more crucial influence on the children’s education than I ever will. That was Anne’s mission; I’m just a bonus pupil in this great scheme. Still, she trained me one-on-one after school.

“Right now, you’re just teaching labels. Table, sun, happy, mother, chair, book. But labels isn’t language,” she said at that first training session.

Suddenly, all my vague frustrations with my teaching progress had crystallized into one clear statement: I was just teaching labels. Yes, yes, I thought. It’s time to teach language.

She added that there was nothing wrong with teaching labels, and that you would have to do that anyway to build up a good vocabulary.

“Also, less fingerspelling, more writing,” she said.

Duh, I thought. I had gotten into this routine where I’d sign a word–say, “mango”–and the class would fingerspell it. Sure, I varied this, but it was basically fingerspelling every single day. I hadn’t realized that, really, the children were writing down “mango” only three or four times over several classes (including on the test).

Anne explained that, when you go to the market to buy toothpaste, you don’t fingerspell “toothpaste” to the merchant. You write it down. Also, by writing down words, you learn what the shape of the word is, and how it’s supposed to look. Writing things down is critical for deaf pupils because they can’t depend on the word’s sound to extract its spelling and shape.

I thought it was amazing that this had to be explained to me, a deaf person. I went through years of deaf education; shouldn’t I already know all of this by heart? The answer, apparently, was, “hell, no!”

In our second training session, Anne introduced to me the written conversation method. It revolves around the idea of creating a “living language,” where the words and concepts taught belong to the pupils, not the teacher. By using pupil-driven instruction, the subject matter is far more relevant to them and they are able to see how they can make English work the way they want it to.

An example of this method, which originated a few decades ago in the Netherlands, is where the teacher brings an interesting photograph (in this example, a recent flood in Kalutara) to the class and have the pupils look at it. Then they chime in with their observations, and the teacher turns these signed observations into written English. One pupil signs, “flood,” and the teacher writes down, “I see flood.” Another pupil says, “boat help,” which turns into “Boat helps people.”

This continues until the whole board is filled with several sentences that have been created by the pupils themselves. Then you work with this material in many ways, like extracting key words for vocabulary-building, writing similar sentences, removing words for fill-in-the-blank exercises, and more.

One advantage of this technique is that you get to use words that are not constrained to one topic group (fruits, sports, etc.). Also, you can introduce both nouns and verbs (which I hadn’t taught as much because they are not neatly categorized into topic groups).

It’s so ingenious that I’m surprised it had to be “invented” at all. I tried this written conversation method on Wednesday with two classes.

By Friday, they were writing completely new sentences with words that were generated from Wednesday’s written conversation lesson. I was then able to introduce them to the concept of nouns and verbs, explain that English sentences generally followed the subject-verb-object structure, and had them rearrange words in erroneous sentences (i.e., “Prasanna book read.”) All in fifty minutes.

The children completely got it! I couldn’t believe it. I was so ecstatic to see them writing real English sentences and figure out (with about 75% accuracy) which words were nouns and which were verbs.

What I’ve detailed here is just a few examples of the many methods Anne trained me–and four other teachers at Rohana–to use. To explain all of them would be to write a very long blog.

So for now, it’s sufficient to say here, like I said to her at dinner, “my teaching really has changed 180 degrees because of you, Anne.”

I am truly excited about teaching again because now I have some tools with which to encourage language development. Now I’ve only got a few weeks left before the pupils go home and forget it all.

There are many, many ways to make a difference in Sri Lanka. Anne made a difference; it’s the best type of difference because it keeps on working via other people for a long, long time.

Before I end this post, I also want to mention that Anne and I discussed one interesting issue regarding questions (like who, why, what) in Sinhala Sign Language. Because I’m particularly interested in other deaf people’s perspectives, I’ve posted an entertaining, informative blog about this subject at DeafDC.com–take a look at Who’s On First!

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Talkback 02

Gail: I love that you pick your own bananas for breakfast-

No, I didn’t mean to give that impression. I don’t pick my own bananas–but they are that fresh! Maybe I’ll let David write a guest blog here so he can tell his great story about the amazing banana plant.

Jim: Tell us more about that crazy traffic–what side of the street do you drive on–are there rotaries? The sunsets sound amazing.What’s the mosquito situation during the day?

We drive UK-style, on the left side of the road. All the vehicles here have the steering wheel on the right side. I thought I would have a hard time adjusting to this as I did in England and Australia, but I’m not. Either I’ve visited enough British Commonwealth countries, or it’s just so freakin’ chaotic that I look around 360 degrees anyway. I remember going through a few rotaries on the way to Matara from Colombo, but that’s all. By the way, the last time I saw a traffic light was September 21 in Colombo. As for the mozzies, they aren’t that terrible. I have several bites here and there but it’s very tolerable. You do have to watch out for mosquito bites on your feet because they can get mildly infected (which I think has happened to me. Bring on the antibiotic!).

Adamzdad: What kind of clothing do you wear? Food? Details, please. Right hand??? No utensils…hmmm, how’s the hygiene?

I’m wearing the same clothes that I brought with me. I have gained a new shirt which I purchased for 500 rupees in Galle. David gave me another shirt but one button (out of just five) fell off a week later, so it’s been awaiting a new button for a few weeks now! I haven’t gotten around to getting some trousers made. Hygiene here is basically washing hands and plates with water. The students do use soap for showers, but they don’t seem to use it for washing their hands. So when you’ve finished off the plate, you run it under a faucet, wipe off the scraps and put it back on the shelf. Doesn’t really faze me.

Amanda: who is in charge of the cook, etc? is that part of the school’s way of paying david and nerissa, or is that their personal cook or? does that feel weird at all?

At Pointe Sud, Nerissa and David have a cook, Sebastien, on the staff, and he makes meals daily. He’s also surprisingly easy to talk to and never gets sick of my questions like, “what’s that? What’s this?” At the school, we also have our own cook, this delightful old fat lady who is always making sure one of the boys gets me a plate of food during lunchtime. If there’s no sponsors that day, she cooks for everybody (and does a hell of a job, too). She also makes a mean cup of red tea.

Larry Musa: We sent two Gallaudet students to a rural deaf school in a developing country this summer to intern…Tell the officials if they need an intern next summer, to please contact us.

I absolutely will. Where did your students intern?

Amanda (and others): did you get permission from parents or someone to post photos/names, etc? i remember some hullabaloo around this type of thing somewhere else.

Looks like you started off a mild hullabaloo on my blog! No, I did not get permission, but after your comment, I asked David if it was needed. He said no, so I’m going to go along with that. I realize that I’m probably using a double standard here; would I publicize the names and academic performance of students at an American deaf school? Absolutely not, but conditions are different there than here. I think we all can agree with what Sophie said. The kids know that their photographs and names are being put up on the “internet” for my friends worldwide to read, and they are thrilled about that!

Adamzmom: Do the dorm kids wash and iron their clothes themselves? Are you fluent in Sinhala [sign language] now?

Yep, they do, usually on a daily basis. The frequent rains can cause wardrobe catastrophes when the hung clothes get caught in a downpour, though! Also, the usual forgotten-pen-in-pocket-of-trousers problem causes several children’s uniforms to exhibit a purple hue. I think I’m basically fluent in it now; I often find myself translating for the children! There’s a lot of nuances, though, that I haven’t learned yet, and often when the kids talk to each other, I can’t understand.

Sasha: i nearly want to weep when i see your photos and listen to your stories. it has re-inspired me to want to move back to india or sri lanka.

And I think India and Sri Lanka both would love to have you back! There’s so much to do here. I may be deaf like the kids, but I’m still white, unlike the kids. You, on the other hand, would be a tremendous role model for them even if they got to meet you for just one day.

Leah: my pager doesn’t seem to be sending you messages anymore??

I don’t get it, either. Did you get my messages, though? Ask Liz or Amanda for help; they use sidekicks too to text me.

AdamzSis: boys seem to get more attention in school than girls. Is that so?

What’s with this Adamz… moniker that you’re all using!? Anyway, from me in particular, I’m afraid so. The girls are still so shy and I obviously can’t enter the girls’ dorm, so more of my time is spent with boys. There are slightly more boys than girls in years 6-11, too, and three classes are all-boys (including Grade 8 which I posted). I’m really trying hard to give them equal attention, I really am!

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Visu-Centricism At Last

Weekends are pretty good for me. I get to sleep in, stare at the ocean, work on my various projects, and not think too hard about Sinhala Sign Language. I was planning on finding a photo shop in town and print out photos to give to the kids, but I was told the stores were probably closed today.

Today is Deepavali (a.k.a. Diwali), the Hindu festival of lights and probably a big deal up in the Hindu Tamil-dominated North, but here in the South, it’s likely just an excuse to take a day off. In addition, this Tuesday is the end of Ramadan, so that’s another holiday (although I’m not sure if it’s a public holiday). Holidays abound, so I stayed in today, although I’m going to the school tomorrow with a couple DVDs for the kids to watch (and for me to interpret).

Anyway! I’m happy to finally provide you with some visual goodness. At the same time, I will also attempt to impress you with my spelling prowess. After all, the Rohana student body contains some very formidable Sinhalese names, and these days, it seems like all I do is spell, spell, and spell.

It’s International Children’s Day, and the girls are all lined up, single file, for the walk up the road. They’re doing a great job of it because I told them that the boys were lining up better than the girls were (they weren’t, but see, they got motivated!). I think it’s interesting to note that in Sri Lanka, the girls learn how to tie their ties way before the boys do.

This is my Grade 8 class. They’re taking a test on English numbers from zero to twenty. From left to right: Shirantha, Prasanna, Pasad, Udaya, Shan Ahmed, and Priyankara. They did pretty well except for Udaya and Pasad, who totally bombed because they missed most of the lessons.

For International Teacher’s Day, the children beautifully decorated the multipurpose room, created badges for all the teachers (I got one, and I will treasure it forever), and performed a few dances and original skits. The girls here are concluding the pageantry with the singing and signing of Sri Lanka’s national anthem.

This is Ruwan in 7B. The first two weeks, I put him and Milan through punishing A-B-C drills, and it paid off handsomely because I can now teach them words. Unfortunately, Milan’s been sick all week, so it’s been just Ruwan and me. He’s learning the names of six sports (he said he wanted to learn sports first). He can also understand, “I like _____,” and “I don’t like ____.” In case you’re wondering, it’s cricket and golf, respectively. His handwriting is atrocious, so immediately after I took this photo, I made him copy my handwriting letter by letter on the blackboard. After he saw his rewritten words, he beamed as if he’d created a Michaelangelo.

We have a little playground in front of the main academic building, so the boys and I were just fooling around on the sort-of-merry-go-round-thingy. They just rock!

Back on International Children’s Day, the girls haven’t lined up yet and are just wandering around. From left to right, it’s I-don’t-know, Janibha, and Shoshini. Shoshini (6A) is quite a piece of work. She loves nothing more than to recite the spelling of fruits (my lesson for the last two weeks), and every time she does it, she stands up, turns slightly to the side, and delivers a masterful, self-confident spelling performance. Her father owns Camp Coconut in Kamburugamuwa, and the kids go there every once in a while to go absolutely wild.

This is one of my favorite pictures ever. After final bell one day, we just sat down in one of the classrooms and chatted for several minutes; a couple of them weren’t ready to go home yet. I’ll never forget what they asked me: “Do you know what S-E-X is?” Then they all started howling and hooting when I said yes. In back from left to right: Priyankara, Rajitha, and in front: Lakmal, Pasad, and Shan Ahmed.

I have actually taken more than 700 photographs since departing Los Angeles one month ago, plus taken a lot of movies. I am also trying to get every single student’s sign name on camera so I can make a really fun DVD by December when the Grade 11 students take their O/L’s and (sob!) graduate.

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